国内大学生语言态度研究综述

Research Review on Language Attitudes of Chinese College Students

语言态度是人们对语言地位、使用价值等的评价,对人们的语言行为产生一定影响。自20世纪50年代起,语言态度的研究逐渐发展,成为国内外社会语言学的焦点。其中针对群体展开的语言态度研究在群体语言行为分析、语言变体分析、语言发展预测等方面都有重要价值。近年来,随着国内推普工作的展开,以大学生为对象的语言使用和语言态度调查逐渐受到重视,主要包括研究大学生对普通话、方言、方言变体、双言现象、外语、民族语的态度及价值观念。本文从研究对象、研究内容、研究方法等角度对近20年来国内大学生语言态度研究成果进行总结。经过梳理发现,目前相关研究呈现丰富性、多样化的整体特点,但在创新性、理论性、系统性、全面性方面还有所欠缺,本文据此对国内语言态度研究存在的不足提出建议。本研究对于理解现阶段国内大学生语言使用的群体特征有借鉴意义,为把握未来语言态度研究的角度和方法提供依据。

Language attitude is people’s evaluation of the status of language, the value of its use and so on, which has certain influence on people’s language behavior. Since the 1950s, the study of language attitude has gradually developed and become the focus of sociolinguistics at home and abroad. Among them, the research on language attitude towards groups has important value in the analysis of group language behavior, analysis of language variants, and prediction of language development. In recent years, with the promotion of universalization in China, the investigation of language use and language attitudes targeting college students has gradually received attention, mainly including the study of college students’ attitudes and values towards Putonghua, dialects, dialect variants, bilingualism, foreign languages, and national languages. This paper summarizes the research results on language attitude of domestic college students in the past 20 years from the perspectives of research object, research content and research method. After sorting out, it is found that the current relevant research presents the overall characteristics of richness and diversity, but there is still a lack of innovation, theory, systematicity, and comprehensiveness, according to which this paper puts forward suggestions on the deficiencies of domestic language attitude research. The review is useful for understanding the group characteristics of language use among college students in China at this stage, and provides a basis for grasping the perspectives and methods of future research on language attitudes.