回归与创新:专门教育制度发展史研究——基于与普通教育关系的比较

Regression and Innovation: A Study of the History of the Development of the Reform Education System—Based on a Comparison with the Relationship with Regular Education

专门教育是我国国民教育组成部分之一,在矫治未成年人轻微违法行为中发挥着重要的作用。当前,专门教育的发展存在着招生困难、社会认同不足、发展方向不确定等问题,其原因之一在于对专门学校与普通学校之间的关系认识不明晰。本文通过对专门学校与普通学校关系的演变史进行考察,发现二者先后经历了“平行发展”、“相互交叉、各有侧重”、“共同发展、主辅关系”三种关系。二者关系的演变史表明,第一,专门学校不能,也不应该完全变为普通学校;第二,专门学校仍是,并将长期是普通教育的承担者之一;第三,专门学校应当,而且有必要积极探索新的发展方向。

Reform education is one of the components of China’s national education and plays an important role in reforming the students who commits moral faults. At present, the reform education meets some problems, such as the decrease of students, low society-acknowledge, and uncertain development direction, one of the reasons for which is that the relationship between reform schools and regular schools is not clear. By examining the evolution history of the relationship between reform schools and regular schools, it can be found that the two have successively experienced three kinds of relationship, which are parallel development, mutual intersection but each with its own emphasis, and minor subordination.