抗战与重建:国民政府派遣赴印度研究生的行动及其影响——以中国台湾“国史馆”解密档案为中心的考察

The Action and Influence of Chinese Graduate Students to India Under the Reconstruction of Anti-Japanese War——Based on Declassified Documents in Taiwan,China“National History Archives”

1937年7月,日本发动全面侵华战争以后,中国国民政府为节约外汇支出,实行严格限制出国留学的政策。随着第二次世界大战规模的扩大,中国与英美苏等反法西斯国家结成了世界反法西斯联盟共同抗击法西斯的侵略扩张,以及印度深邃文化的吸引,加上中国国民政府积极支持赴印留学等因素,中国政府从抗战重建的思路出发,在抗战后期派遣了一批研究生赴印度深造。这些赴印研究生的选拔具有候选人经历丰富、注重盟国合作、规模较小、学习形式多样等特点,不仅为国家战后重建培养了急需的人才、进一步规范了留学生选拔制度,而且还增进了中印两国人民的友谊,促进了两国教育与文化的交流。

In July 1937,after Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China,the Nanjing Government of Republic of China implemented a policy of strictly limiting study abroad in order to save foreign exchange expenses.With the expansion of the Second World War,the formation of a world anti-fascist alliance between China and other anti-fascist countries such as the United Kingdom,the United States and the Soviet Union to jointly fight against the expansion of fascist aggression,and the attraction of India's profound culture,as well as the active support of the Nanjing Government of Republic of China to study in India,the Chinese government sent a number of postgraduate students to India for further study in the latter part of the war from the idea of reconstruction.The selection of these graduate students to India is characterized by rich candidate experience,emphasis on allied cooperation,small scale and various forms of study,which not only cultivates much-needed talents for the country's post-war reconstruction and further standardizes the selection system of international students,but also enhances the friendship between the people of China and India and promotes the exchange of education and culture between the two countries.