摘要
唐代以后汉语里的“(太)A生”结构式以及其中“生”的性质和来源,一直是学界研究的热点,然而迄今仍无定论。“(太)A生”结构式与“如N许/馨”或“A许/馨”一样,都属于性状表达式,其中的“许”“馨”“生”都是性状助词,但语法化程度不同。“(太)A生”来源于南北朝时期的“如N许/馨”性状表达式,性状助词“生”的源形式是“如N许/馨”的“许/馨”。“(太)A生”通常用于感叹句,它是受感叹主观表达促动、直接由表达性状的“如N许/馨”比拟式变化而来的。由源形式到目标形式,即“如N许→如N许/馨→[A许/馨]→(太)A生”的变化,是语义、功能与语用因素促动的形式演变。
The descriptive construction(tai)-Adj-sheng can be seen in the texts written in the end of the Tang Dynasty and those in latter times,and has been discussed as a linguistic phenomenon specific to those historical periods.However,the origin and formation of this construction with its constant part sheng have been more or less neglected,and the existing explanations on this issue are even opposite to one another.We observe that the particle sheng is a descriptive marker synchronically similar to xu and xin in ru-N-xu/xin and Adj-xu/xin,and,more importantly,diachronically derived from the other two forms.The descriptive construction(tai)-Adj-sheng came directly from the ru N-xu/xin constructions used in the South and North Dynasties Period,and sheng thus a variant of xu/xin emerging in a very local context of pragmatic emphasizing with overt subjective attitudes.The historical constructional variations,motivated by the interplay of the semantic,functional and pragmatic factors,can be depicted in such a cline:ru-N-xu→ru-N-xu/xin→[Adj-xu/xin]→(tai)-Adj-sheng.
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB098)阶段性成果
“山东大学齐鲁青年学者”研究经费提供支持
关键词
“(太)A生”
性状助词“生”
来源与形成
形式变异
意义、功能与语用
(tai)-Adj-sheng
the descriptive marker sheng
origin and formation
formal variants
semantic,functional and pragmatic factors
