从“抵御外敌”到“追求自我”:近代西藏学校体育(1888-1949)的兴起

From“Defending Against Foreign Enemies”to“Pursuing Self”:The Rise of School Sports in Modern Xizang(1888-1949)

文章运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对近代西藏学校体育兴起的时代背景、推动力量、发展演变、内涵意义等进行研究。研究可知,在新教育思想传播的大背景下,民国政府相继颁布了一系列发展和扶持边疆少数民族地区教育事业的法令法规,随之,西藏的学校也开始了教育史上从未有过的体育教育。西藏内部教育的改革、新体育思想的传入、民族传统体育的传承发展等成为西藏学校体育兴起的推动力量;学校“体育”逐渐从新式学堂“体操”开始进行演进,并在师资培养、课程设置、学制学时等方面做出了积极的探索和改革。近代西藏体育教育经历了“民族危亡”到“救亡图存”再到“追求自我”的发展历程,它开启了西藏学校体育的先河,为现代西藏学校体育的发展奠定了基础。

Using literature and logical analysis,the background,driving force and evolution trend of school sports in Xizang in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are studied.From the budding of the new style of school“gymnastics”to the reform of school“sports”,school sports in modern Xizang have experienced a difficult process of“national peril”to“salvation and surviva”l and then to“self-pursuit”.The pioneering contribution of physical education in modern Xizang schools is extremely important,and has had a far-reaching impact on the development of physical education in modern schools in Xizang.