2016-2020年深圳市福田区急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测分析

Analysis about surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis cases in Futian districtof Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020

目的 了解深圳市福田区2016年-2020年急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例流行病学特征以及AFP病例监测系统运转情况。方法 采用描述性流行病学分析方法对2016年-2020年深圳市福田区AFP病例监测数据进行整理分析。结果2016年-2020年福田区共报告AFP病例199例,年平均报告发病率为2.55/10万,不同年份发病率之间具有统计学差异(χ^(2)=32.21,P <0.001)。所有AFP病例均为非脊灰病例,70%为深圳市其他区病例,男女性别比为1.62∶1,以1岁-5岁散居儿童为主。90.45%的AFP病例服脊灰疫苗3次以及上,不同年份的接种脊灰疫苗种类构成比差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=43.12,P <0.001)。AFP病例报告后48 h内调查率、14 d内双份粪便样本采集率、合格粪便样本采集率、粪便样本7 d内送达率和75 d随访完成率均> 80%。结论 2016年-2020年深圳市福田区实现无脊灰目标,脊灰免疫策略调整后无疫苗相关病例和脊灰疫苗衍生病毒病例,AFP病例监测系统运转良好。仍需继续加强监测人员的培训,提高诊断水平和报告意识,维持无脊灰状态。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis cases and the operation of AFP case surveillance system in Futian District,Shenzhen city from 2016 to 2020.Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the surveillance data of AFP cases in Futian District,Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020.Results A total of 199 AFP cases were reported in Futian District from 2016 to 2020,with an average annual incidence of 2.55/100,000,and there were statistical differences in incidence rates in different years(χ^(2)=32.21,P<0.001).All AFP cases were non-polio cases,70%of cases were from other districts in Shenzhen,and the male to female ratio was 1.62∶1,mostly cases werechildren aged from 1 to 5 years.90.45%of AFP cases received polio vaccine 3 times and above,the difference in composition ratio of polio vaccine in different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=43.12,P<0.001).The investigation rate within 48 hours after the AFP case report,the double stool collection rate within 14 days,the qualified stool sample collection rate,the stool sample delivery rate within 7 days and the 75-day follow-up completion rate were all>80%.Conclusion From 2016-2020,the Futian District of Shenzhen has achieved the goal of being polio-free.After the adjustment of the polio immunization strategy,no vaccine-related cases and polio vaccine-derived virus cases were found,and the AFP case monitoring system worked well.It is still necessary to continue to strengthen the training of monitoring personnel,improve diagnosis and reporting awareness and maintain polio-free status.