高铁噪声对校园声环境影响评价方法的研究——以沈阳药科大学南校区为例

Research of high-speed rail′s noise influence on campus acoustic environment—a case of south campus of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

目的通过实例对高铁噪声评价方法和评价标准的不足进行探讨,提出适宜的高铁噪声评价方法和标准,并呼吁国家尽快制定高铁噪声评价方法和执行标准。方法以沈丹高铁对沈阳药科大学南校区影响为例,分别以连续等效声级Leq和最大声级Lmax为指标,评价邻近高铁的沈阳药科大学南校区的教师公寓楼(A)、第一教学楼(B)和学生宿舍楼(C)楼内外的声环境现状。结果以Leq指标进行评价,室内Leq,d(昼间等效声级)为C>A>B,除C点六楼外,其他监测点均符合标准(1类区域(室内,开窗)昼间标准值为45 dB(A))。以Lmax指标进行评价,71.4%的监测点超过标准(借鉴日本新干线(高铁)居民区(室外)70 dB(A),对应的室内标准值为60 dB(A))。采用Leq评价结论与邻近高铁的师生对高铁噪声感觉不符,Lmax评价结论可能更贴近公众的感觉。沈丹高铁可能对我校距离高铁较近的宿舍楼、办公楼和教学楼等产生一定的影响,但受影响最大的是教学楼。结论采用Lmax法比Leq法能够更加全面反映高铁列车运行时段对周边环境的影响程度,建议高铁噪声评价方法为Lmax法,评价标准为高铁沿线居民区昼间70 dB(A),夜间60 dB(A)。

Objective To discuss the defects of evaluation methods and standards of High-speed rail noise by a example,puts forward to and calls for suitable and new evaluation methods and standards of High-speed rail noise.Methods Taking the impacts of Shendan High-speed rail on the Southern Campus of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University as an example,two indexes,Continuous equivalent sound level(Leq)and maximum sound level(Lmax),were chosen to evaluate the effects of High-speed rail noise on the teachers′apartment building(A),the first teaching building(B)and the student dormitory building(C)building next to the high-speed rail.Results According to the Leq index,indoor Leq,d(day equivalent sound level)rank was C>A>B,Leq values of all the indoor sites were met the standard(standard value in residential area indoor day-time with windows open is 45 dB(A))except six floor site in C.According to the Lmax index,71.4%of the sites were higher than the standard(standard borrowed from the Japanese new trunk line(high speed rail)residential area(outdoor,day)is 70 dB(A),and the corresponding indoor standard is 60 dB(A)).Lmax evaluation results may be more accorded with public perception and feeling,compared with Leq evaluation results.Shendan High-speed rail may affect on dormitories,office buildings and teaching buildings nearby.But the teaching building may be affected most.Conclusion Lmax,which can reflects the impacts of High-speed rail on surrounding environment,is more suitable for the evaluation of High-speed rail noise than Leq.So Lmax is advised to be used as evaluation method of High-speed rail,and the standard of High-speed rail residential area in day-time is 70 dB(A),the standard in night-time is 60 dB(A).