因时而变:铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下民族学田野调查研究对象三重转向

CHANGING WITH THE TIMES:TRIPLE TURNS OF RESEARCH OBJECTS IN FIELD STUDY OF ETHNOLOGY UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF FORGING A STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY FOR THE CHINESE NATION

新时代赋予了民族学新的学科使命,铸牢中华民族共同体意识对民族学提出了新的时代要求。民族学依托专业的研究方法——田野调查,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识理论建构与具体实践做出了卓越贡献。在全球化浪潮与我国社会主义现代化的多重影响下,以参与观察与个案研究的传统田野调查将难以对铸牢中华民族共同体意识背景下的多元社会文化进行全方位阐释。本文认为,应当积极开展多点民族志研究、城市社区研究与网络民族志研究,推动民族学田野调查在研究对象上寻求转向,使民族学田野调查在回应铸牢中华民族共同体意识时代需求的同时,推进民族学“现代化”“本土化”“应用化”发展。

New Era has endowed ethnology with a new disciplinary mission,and forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation has put forward new requirements for ethnology.Relying on professional research method——field study,ethnology has made outstanding contributions to the theoretical construction and practical implementation of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.Under the multiple influence of globalization and socialist modernization in China,traditional field study based on participation in observation and case studies will find it difficult to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the diverse social culture in the context of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.This article believes that multi-site ethnography research,urban community research,and online ethnographic research should be carried out to change the research objects in the field study of ethnology,promote the field study to respond to the needs of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,and enhance the modernization,localization,and application of ethnology.