美国加州K-12族裔研究课程探绎

Research on K-12 Ethnic Studies Curriculum in California

近年来,美国加州政府开展了一项极具话题性和挑战性的基础教育课程改革,即在K-12阶段推行族裔研究课程。K-12族裔研究课程以批判性种族理论为理论基础,主张通过“反叙事”打破白人对主流课程的叙事控制、文化独裁和知识霸权;超越教育机会与过程平等,力主教育结果平等;揭露、反对教育中的“色盲”现象。为保障K-12族裔研究课程的实施,加州教育厅研制了《族裔研究示范课程》,从目标、原则等方面对课程进行了规范与指导。在加州政府的支持下,K-12族裔研究课程在合法化、制度化的进程中取得了初步成果,但仍面临多方面争议,其发展前景尚不明朗,实际成效仍有待考察。围绕K-12族裔研究课程展开的“大辩论”是美国无休止“文化战争”扩大化的缩影,它折射出当前美国社会的紧张和分裂。

In recent years,the California government has launched a highly topical and challenging k-12 curriculum reform,that is,vigorously promoting the k-12 ethnic studies curriculum.The curriculum is based on Critical Race Theory,which is advocating to break the narrative control,cultural despotism and intellectual hegemony of the white over mainstream curriculum,to pursuit equality in educational outcomes,and to expose and oppose the“colour-blindness”in education.To ensure practice of the curriculum,the California Department of Education has released the“Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum”,which provides standards and guidance on curriculum objectives,principles,content,and implementation.With the support of the state government,the curriculum has achieved initial results in the process of legalization and institutionalization,but still faces many controversies.The prospects of the curriculum are not yet clear,and its actual effectiveness still needs to be evaluated.The“great debate”surrounding the curriculum is a microcosm of the ever-expanding“culture wars”in the United States,which reflects the current tension and division in American society.