试论用小说评点技法细读唐诗——以李白诗歌为中心

On the Application of Novel Criticism Techniques in Tang Poetry——Centered Around Li Bai's Poetry

随着明清小说的兴盛和发展,一些著名评点家进入小说创作批评领域。他们以随文批注的方式创造了许多小说评点术语,对小说创作做出了精当的点评与剖析。同理,我们在细读经典唐诗及李白诗歌时,也可以运用一些小说评点技法进行解读,如“倩女离魂法”“水穷云起法”“狮子滚球法”等。它们或以一己之力揣想对方之思;或意识到自己脱离肉体而独立存在,并欲将之寄赠朋友;或善于在绝境中突转,以读者意想不到的奇特构思,翻出新花样来;或集中对诗歌中的重要场景和关键节点做反复跃动式的细致描摹,延宕读者进行情感感知的时效性。凡此种种,皆可证明小说中惯常习见的评点技法对一些经典唐诗及李白诗歌同样适用。甚至可以说,这些曾被使用却未曾经历定名和系统性阐释的“潜理论”构成了李白诗歌鲜艳夺目的花圃中一抹金黄的亮光。发掘和梳理这些理论,对雅俗文学之间的互鉴与融合、诗学理论的跨界阐释、还原李白诗歌创作的“现场感”,乃至读者和学界重新认识和评价李白其人其诗具有重要意义。

With the prosperity and development of Ming and Qing novels,a large number of famous critics entered the field of novel creation and criticism.They created many novel commentary terms through accompanying annotations,and made precise comments and analyses on novel creation.Similarly,when we carefully read classic Tang poetry and Li Bai's poetry,we can also use some novel commentary techniques to interpret them,such as“Qiannv Soul Separation Method”,“Water Poverty Cloud Rise Method”,and“Lion Rolling Ball Method”.They may use their own power to speculate on the thoughts of the other party,or realize that one exists independently of the body and desires to send it to a friend,or be adept at turning suddenly in desperate situations by using readers'unexpected and unique ideas to create new patterns,or focus on repeatedly and meticulously describing important scenes and key nodes in poetry by delaying the timeliness of readers'emotional perception.All of these can prove that the commonly used commenting techniques in novels are equally applicable to some classic Tang poetry and Li Bai's poetry.It can even be said that these“hidden theories”that have been used but have not undergone naming and systematic interpretation constitute a golden hue in the dazzling flower bed of Li Bai's poetry.Exploring and sorting out these theories is of great significance for the mutual learning and integration between refined and popular literature,the cross-border interpretation of poetic theories,the restoration of the“on-site sense”of Li Bai's poetry creation,and even for readers and academia to reunderstand and evaluate Li Bai's character and poetry.