摘要
The multi-yearly averaged pentad meteorological fields at 850 hPa of theNCEP/NCAR reanalysis dada and the TBB fields of the Japan Meteorological Agency during 1980-1994 areanalyzed. It is found that if the pentad is taken as the time unit of the monsoon onset, then thetropical Asian summer monsoon (TASM) onsets earliest, simultaneously and abruptly over the wholearea in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), and the South China Sea (SCS), eastof 90°E, in the 27th to 28th pentads of a year (Pentads 3 to 4 in May), while it onsets later inthe India Peninsula (IP) and the Arabian Sea (AS), west of 90°E. The TASM bursts first at the southend of the IP in the 30th to 31st pentads near 10°N, and advances gradually northward to the wholearea, by the end of June. Analysis of the possible mechanism depicts that the rapid changes of thesurface sensible heat flux, air temperature, and pressure in spring and early summer in the middleto high latitudes of the East Asian continent between 100°E and 120°E are crucially responsiblefor the earliest onset of the TASM in the BOB to the SCS areas. It is their rapid changes thatinduce a continental depression to form and break through the high system of pressure originallylocated in the above continental areas. The low depression in turn introduces the southwesterly tocome into the BOB to the SCS areas, east of 90° E, and thus makes the SCS summer monsoon (SCSSM)burst out earliest in Asia. In the IP to the AS areas, west of 90° E, the surface sensible heatflux almost does not experience obvious change during April and May, which makes the tropical Indiansummer monsoon (TISM) onset later than the SCSSM by about a month. Therefore, it is concluded thatthe meridian of 90° E is the demarcation line between the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM, i.e.,the TISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM, including the SCSSM). Besides, the temporalrelations between the TASM onset and the seasonal variation of the South Asian high (SAH) arediscussed, too, and it is found that there are good relations between the monsoon onset time and theSAH center positions. When the SAH center advances to north of 20°N, the SCSSM onsets, and tonorth of 25° N, the TISM onsets at its south end. Comparison between the onset time such determinedand that with other methodologies shows fair consistency in the SCS area and some differences inthe IP area.
The multi-yearly averaged pentad meteorological fields at 850 hPa of theNCEP/NCAR reanalysis dada and the TBB fields of the Japan Meteorological Agency during 1980-1994 areanalyzed. It is found that if the pentad is taken as the time unit of the monsoon onset, then thetropical Asian summer monsoon (TASM) onsets earliest, simultaneously and abruptly over the wholearea in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), and the South China Sea (SCS), eastof 90°E, in the 27th to 28th pentads of a year (Pentads 3 to 4 in May), while it onsets later inthe India Peninsula (IP) and the Arabian Sea (AS), west of 90°E. The TASM bursts first at the southend of the IP in the 30th to 31st pentads near 10°N, and advances gradually northward to the wholearea, by the end of June. Analysis of the possible mechanism depicts that the rapid changes of thesurface sensible heat flux, air temperature, and pressure in spring and early summer in the middleto high latitudes of the East Asian continent between 100°E and 120°E are crucially responsiblefor the earliest onset of the TASM in the BOB to the SCS areas. It is their rapid changes thatinduce a continental depression to form and break through the high system of pressure originallylocated in the above continental areas. The low depression in turn introduces the southwesterly tocome into the BOB to the SCS areas, east of 90° E, and thus makes the SCS summer monsoon (SCSSM)burst out earliest in Asia. In the IP to the AS areas, west of 90° E, the surface sensible heatflux almost does not experience obvious change during April and May, which makes the tropical Indiansummer monsoon (TISM) onset later than the SCSSM by about a month. Therefore, it is concluded thatthe meridian of 90° E is the demarcation line between the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM, i.e.,the TISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM, including the SCSSM). Besides, the temporalrelations between the TASM onset and the seasonal variation of the South Asian high (SAH) arediscussed, too, and it is found that there are good relations between the monsoon onset time and theSAH center positions. When the SAH center advances to north of 20°N, the SCSSM onsets, and tonorth of 25° N, the TISM onsets at its south end. Comparison between the onset time such determinedand that with other methodologies shows fair consistency in the SCS area and some differences inthe IP area.
基金
Sponsored by the NSFC Key Project under No. 40233037the "National Key Developing Programme for Basic Science" project under No. 2004CB418300.
