汽油抗爆剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Gasoline Antiknock Additives

汽油的无铅化及提高辛烷值是各炼厂面临的最大问题,针对近期的发展动态,分金属有灰类、有机无灰类两个类别对国内外汽油抗爆剂的研究开发进展作了介绍。其中环戊二烯三羰基锰(MMT)及环戊二烯铁(二茂铁)等已投入使用,可显著提高汽油的辛烷值并实现无铅化,实现了良好的经济价值和社会价值。而甲基叔丁基醚、碳酸二甲酯、乙醇等的广泛应用,既提高了汽油的抗爆性,又几乎不对环境造成任何污染。对于抗爆剂研究,要重视国内外在相关领域研究中所取得的经验与教训,对于新型抗爆剂的开发,需要弄清燃烧过程的微观机理,了解抗爆剂在燃烧过程中是怎样阻断爆震的以及解决爆震应抓住的主要矛盾。

Achieving unleaded gasoline and improving the octane number are a great problem for refineries. The advance of metallic ash & organic ashless antiknock additives on the research and development for petrol antiknock additives home and abroad was introduced respectively according to recent development. Some additives including MMT, ferrocene et al. have been used in many factories. They cannot only improve petrol octane number, but also achieve unleaded gasoline, and great economic and social value has been realized. The extensive use of some additives not only improves resistance to blasting but also has low contamination. The experiences and lessons, which were acquired from the researches in relevant field all over the world, must be taken into account when antiknock additives are researched. When new pattern antiknock additives are developed, the microcosmic mechanism of combustion processes must be ascertained. It is necessary to find out how the antiknock additives interrupt the detonation and to grasp the main contradiction for resolving detonation.