先秦儒家道论与汉代经学的兴起

Confucian Dao in Pre-Qin Period and the Han School

儒家学说由先秦诸子学之一的原始儒学转变为汉代经学 ,其中有着内在的思想发展规律。考察先秦儒家道论 ,可以看出 ,孔孟之道重在日常的人伦践履 ,荀子论道更强调其作为认识论上的真理 ,《易传》则通过道、意、言的关系 ,把道与儒家经书紧密结合起来 ,突出了经书的真理性。汉代董仲舒继承先秦儒家道论 ,提出了“深察名号”的认识论和“微言大义”的经学解释学 。

There is an inherent law of ideological development of Confucianism from the primitive theory, as one of the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin stage, to Jing-xue (the study of the primitive classics) in Han Dynasty. In regard to the idea of Dao (i.e. creed or principle or doctrine) in the early stage, Confucius and Mencius focus upon the daily practice of interpersonal relations of ethics, XUN Kuang emphasizes particularly upon its epistemological verity, and the Commentaries on the Book of Changes gives prominence to the truth of the classics by uniting tightly the doctrine of Dao with the primitive classics through accounting for the relationship between Dao, idea and word. In the Han Dynasty, DONG Zhong-shu inherits the pre-Qin principle but proposes epistemological theory of naming and the interpretation theory, which lays a solid foundation for the Han school in question.