滇南热带山区旱地改制的研究

A STUDY ON THE REFORM OF UPLAND FARMING SYSTEM IN TROPICAL MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF SOUTH YUNNAN

本文讨论了滇南热带山区旱地沿袭传统的刀耕火种游耕制的弊端及其改制的必要性和实现意义,并着重地探讨了旱地改制的基本原则、内容、途径和措施以及旱地改制中须重视的一些问题。

The tropical mountainous region of South Yunnan, located on 21°08'-22°34'N and 99°56'-101°00'E, has an area of 19690km2. This region, is bounded on the south by Laos and Burma, its north is contiguous to Simao Prefecture.The farming system of tropical mountainous region in South Yunnan still follows primitive ways of obtaining farmland by deforestation and shifting cultivation. This traditional method for farming leads to the destruction and losses of animal, plant, water and soil resources, and deteriorate the ecological environment in this region.Therefore, the reform of the cultivation system is of a great realisti-cal significance to rational exploitation, utilization and conservation of natural resources, to the recovery and improvement of environmental quality in the tropical mountainous region.The effecient way of the reform is to adopt 'biological force' to improve soil fertility, maintain soil and control weeds. The 'biological force' ismeant for the adoption of some forage grasses and green manures of the legume plant which are suitable for the local condition, and grow them with upland rice by means of crop rotation, intercropping and interplanting. This is a basic and efficient way for reform.Specific measures:1. Increase green manure crops of the legumes while taking measures of crop rotation, intercropping and interplanting.2. Make use of abandoned land by growing perennial forage grasses and green manures of the legumes.3. Rotation and interplanting of dryland grain crops, upland rice and corn with green manure crops.