吉林省部分河流与湖泊表层沉积物中重金属的分布规律

The Distribution of Heavy Metals in the SurfaceSediments in Parts of Rivers and Lakes in Jilin Province

河流的水化学组成具有多样性和易变性,而湖泊水则因其交换缓慢,即使与河流所在地区的气候条件和地球化学条件相似,其化学组成也明显区别于河流,沉积物中重金属的分布也不同。利用形态分析、相关分析和地累积指数法研究了吉林省境内部分河流、湖泊沉积物重金属分布规律。研究结果表明,伊通河和南湖重金属元素生物可利用态含量都很高,存在较大的、潜在的生态危害,Pb、Cu在有机物态中表现出明显的赋存趋势;河流沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn与 pH值显著相关,但湖泊中却相关性不显著。河流沉积物受重金属污染较严重,污染程度最高达到4级,属强污染,湖泊污染程度较轻。

The water chemical component in rivers is various and unconstant, but it changes slowly in lakes. Even under the similar climatic condition and geochemical condition, the water chemical component of rivers and lakes is different and make the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments different. The distribution of heavy metals in the sediments in parts of rivers and lakes in Jilin Province was studied by the methods of binding form analysis, correlation analysis and geoaccumulation index. The results showed that the amounts of the form of heavy metals available speciations in Yitong River and South Lake is large, and has much higher potential ecological hazards. Pb and Cu mainly accumulated in organic forms, Cu, Pb and Zn are significantly correlated with pH in river sediments, but not in lake sediments. Compare with heavy metals in the sediments of lakes, serious pollution of heavy metals exists in that of rivers, which belongs to stronger pollution according to Geoaccumulation Index.