清代词学中的破体、辨体与推尊词体

On the Style-breaking,Style-following and the Respect of the Literary Genre of Ci-poetry in the Ci-poetry Study in the Qing Dynasty

清代前期,在词体教化、言志功能的支撑下,破体论试图通过让词向诗教回归的方式来提升其地位,但面临着使词沦为“句读不葺之诗"的危险。由词体娱乐功能支撑下的辨体论则想通过对词这种音乐文艺样式自身特质的强调来推尊词体,却得不到主流社会的认可,无法真正实现尊体目的。嘉、道以后,词体娱乐功能褪失,常州词派在使词体诗化的同时保留了词体特有的形式特质,并使其为儒家诗教所用,从而使破体论和辨体论实现了理想的结合。词体至此真正获尊,词文学却因此与近代革命思想、白话文学相脱节,无可挽回地走向衰微。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the theory of style -breaking tried to rise Ci＇s position through the method of making Ci returned to the Confucian instruction through poetry, under the support of Ci style＇s education and express ideal fuction, however facing the danger that Ci was regarded as fnerely poems with sentences in different syllables On the other hand, the theory of style- distinguishing, supported by entertaining function of the literary genre of Ci -poetry, tended to respect the literary genre of Ci - poetry through laying emphasis on Ci＇s unique characteristics in the form of music. However, this theory was excluded by the main society and failed to respect the Literary Genre of Ci - Poetry. After the reign of Emperor Jisqing and Daoguang,in the situation that Ci lost the entertaining function, Changzhou school kept Ci＇s unique artistic characteristics in the process of keeping the poetic feature, which could be used in Confucian instruction through poetry, thus realized the ideal combination between the style - breaking and style - following, leading a real high status of the literary genre of Ci -poetry. However, it also caused the disjunction between the Ci - poetry and revolutionary thought as well as vernacular literature, which made Ci doomed to be declined.