日本新发现北宋开宝五年刻《炽盛光佛顶大威德销灾吉祥陀罗尼经》星图考——兼论黄道十二宫在宋、辽、西夏地区的传播

A Study on the Star-map of Prajvalonisa Vjrabhairava Padvinasasri-dharani Printed in A.D.972 Recently Found in Japan with a Discussion on the Spread of Zodiac in the Song-Liao Tangut Area

唐宋时期,密宗炽盛光陀罗尼信仰非常流行,人们大量雕造炽盛光经咒以消灾祈福。日本上之坊新发现北宋开宝五年刻《炽盛光佛顶大威德销灾吉祥陀罗尼经》,卷首扉画是现今所见较早的完整的十二宫与二十八宿相配合的星图,比著名的宣化辽墓星图早近150年。与敦煌、黑水城等地区发现的黄道十二宫星图比较,可见它上承唐代写本星图,下启宣化辽墓星图,是中西两大星宫体系交流并中国化过程中的重要物证。

In the Tang and Song dynasties, the belief of Tejaprobaha Buddha related with the Esoteric Buddhism had been very prevalent. People printed many pictures and incantations of Tejaprobaha Buddha to exclude the negative influence from the start. The star-map of the Prajvalonisa Vjrabhairava Padvinasa-sri-dharani printed in A. D. 972 and found in the Sangzhifang temple of Japan, in which twenty-eight hsiu and zodiac are completely painted and matched, is earlier than the famous star-map of Liao dynasty tomb of A. D. 1116 at Xuanhua for nearly 150 years. Compared with the star-maps found in Dunhuang and Heishui,it is an important evidence of zodiac being under the influence of China and interaction between Chinese star-map and Western star-map. It inherited the star-map of Tang dynasty manuscripts and connected with the star-map of Liao dynasty tomb of Xuanhua.