75%VO_2max强度有氧运动对红细胞微观形态及流变学特性的影响

Effects of Exercise with the Intensity of 75%VO_2max on the Micro-morphology and Function of Erythrocyte

目的:通过重复性实验观察75 %VO2 max强度有氧运动对人体红细胞形态、粘度、聚集性和变形能力的影响。方法:正式实验前1周测定受试者的最大摄氧量。受试者间隔1周以75 %VO2 max强度完成1次蹬功率自行车运动1小时,每次运动前安静时和运动后即刻采静脉血测定全血粘度(高、中、低切)、血浆粘度(PV)、红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞变形指数(TK)、聚集指数(RCA)和刚性指数(VR) ,扫描电镜(SEM)下观察红细胞微观形态变化。结果:3次实验均表明,75 %VO2 max强度运动可以使全血粘度各切变率、红细胞压积、变形指数、聚集指数和刚性指数显著增高;红细胞形态由双凹圆盘状变为单侧凹陷边缘肿胀的Ⅰ型口形红细胞或凹陷加深另一侧隆起似礼帽状的Ⅱ型口形红细胞。结论:1小时75 %VO2 max强度有氧运动后红细胞粘度、聚集性增大,压积升高,红细胞失去正常形态,变形能力下降,从而影响其正常的携带氧气和二氧化碳的功能。

Objective To observe the effects of exercise with the intensity of 75 % VO2max on the morphology of erythrocyte , red cell deformability and red cell aggregation. Methods Blood viscosity （ BVH, BVM, BVL） ,plasma viscidity （PV）, hematocrit （ Hct）, red cell deformability （TK）, red cell aggregation （RCA） , viscosity rigidity（VR） were determined with intravenous blood, and the erythrocyte modality was observed with SEM, at rest and after 1 hour of 75 % VO2max intensity exercise on a cycle ergnmeter for three times, respectively. Results Hct, TK , VR and RCA increased significantly and the modality of erythrocyte changed from normal to an abnormal shape, which showed a hat with one side sunken meanwhile another side heaved or one edge tumefied. PV nearly had no changes. Conclusion Exercise with 75 % VO2max intensity might enhance the red cell aggregation and Hct, while erythrocytes lost their regular configuration which might cause their transfiguration capacity decreased.