国会解散与进步党的分裂瓦解

The dissolution of the Parliament and the disintegration of Progress Party

1913年11月4日袁世凯以非法命令取消国民党议员资格,致使国会不足法定人数而解散,这是斩断中华民国法统的重大事变。国民党被查禁后,进步党是唯一的重要政党,但熊梁内阁副署命令引发进步党分裂为国会派(议会民主派)和内阁派(开明专制派)。以熊希龄、梁启超为首的内阁派基于开明专制思想,希望通过依附北洋派的专制力量推行自己的开明政策;而以国会议员为主体的国会派坚持议会政治理想,不肯通过牺牲国会的尊严来延续国会的存在。维持国会的活动终于失败,进步党也在两派纷争之中逐渐瓦解。进步党的失败标志着民初各派分享权力格局的结束和袁世凯独裁统治的开始。

President Yuan Shi-kai overthrowed the legitimacy of the Republic of China by his illegal dissolution of the Parliament in 1913. At that time, Progress Party was the only important party after the ban of Kuomintang ,but the party broke up to the parliament group and the cabinet group , and the latter stood with President Yuan in his attack of the parliament. The cabinet group wanted enlightened autarchy but the parliament group sticked to parliament democracy, so Progress Party went to its end step by step for the two group＇s conflict. The collapse of Progress Party indicated the end of sharing power and the beginning of Yuan Shi- kai＇s despotism.