近40a来新疆极地类对流层顶温度变化的若干事实和突变分析

Analysis on Some Evidences and the Saltatory Change of Temperature of the First Tropopause over Xinjiang since Recent 40 Years

采用1963-2002年新疆12个探空站逐日探测资料,按气候特点和地理分布把新疆划分为阿尔泰山,天山和昆仑山3个研究区域。分析了40a来新疆全年各区极地类对流层顶平均温度变化的若干事实、变化的趋势和变化的空间分布差异,用Mann-Kendall法对其进行了气候突变检验。研究表明:新疆极地类对流层顶平均温度总体呈下降趋势;从年代际变化来看40a共下降了0.5℃,下降速率为0.125℃/(10 a)。同时,该层温度于1976年发生了气候突变,显著水平达5%以上,由此说明新疆近年来高空的一些特性层也同样发生了气候变化。

According to the daily radio-sounding data collected from eleven stations during the period from 1963 to 2002 in Xinjiang, in this study Xinjiang is divided into 3 subregions based on the climatic characteristics and latitudes, i.e., the Altay Mountains, Tianshan Mountains and Kunlun Mountains. Some evidences, change trend and salutatory change of average temperature of the first tropopause since recent 40 years are analyzed by means of Mann-Kendall. The results are as follows： （1） The average temperature of the first tropopause was generally decreased over whole Xinjiang, it was the highest （-56.8℃） in the 1960s and the lowest （-57.3℃） in the 1990s, it was decreased by 0.5 ℃ in 4 decades, and the average decade decrease was 0.125 ℃; （2） The decrease extent of the average temperature of the first tropopause over Xinjiang was reduced from south to north and from east to west, that is it was the most significant over the Kunlun Mountains in south Xinjiang and over Hami in east Xinjiang; （3） There was no the salutatory change in the average temperature of the first tropopause over Xinjiang.