黄、东海海面地形在1993-2001年间的变化探讨

The Research on Sea Surface Topography in Yellow Sea and East China Sea in 1993-2001

长期以来海面地形变化是海面变化研究领域里一个具有显著意义却相对冷寂的研究方向，卫星海面测高技术的发展为此方向的研究提供了新的思路、手段和数据。本文利用Topex／Poseidon卫星的SSHA数据对黄、东海1993—2001年期间的平均海面地形的空间形态特征、变化速率的空间分布特征及年内变化特征等3个方面进行分析。研究结果表明，该海区9年平均海面地形的基本特征为：东南高、西北低，由东南向西北倾斜，最大高差超过90cm；1993—2001年期间全海区均呈现海面上升趋势，上升速率值在5～8．6mm／a之间，海面上升的空间分异表现为南快北慢，东快西慢。海面地形的年内变化在时间上呈正弦波动，空间上中、北部区域变化速度快，年较差大；南部区域变化速度慢，年较差小；变化空间特征复杂。

Utilizing Topex/Poseidon （T/P） satellite data, this paper analyses the characteristics of the sea surface topography in Yellow Sea and East China Sea from 1993 to 2001 in three aspects-the spatial form of the average sea surface topography, the spatial distribution of the variety in the speed and the space-time characteristics of the change in a year. The results of study reveal as follows： First, the basic character of average sea surface topography in 9 years is that it＇s high in Southeast, but low in Northwest, sloping from southeast to northwest and the highest difference exceeds 90 cm. Second, The sea surface topography had been moving up during the period of 1993-2001. The speed value keeps on 5 - 8.6 mm/a. The spatial difference of the raised sea surface shows that it＇ s fast in South and East but slow in North and West. Third, the temporal change of sea surface topography in a year shows sine wave. It falls from January to March and from October to December, rises from April to September. The maximal value of the difference in a year is 20.75 cm. The changing rate is higher in the central and north section and the difference value in a year is great, while it＇s reverse in the south section. The highest SSHA value section takes on the trend forcing southwest to northeast during the period of May and October.