广东省新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗十年成本-效益分析

Cost-effective analysis of administering hepatitis B vaccine to newborns for 10 years in Guangdong province

目的通过对广东省乙肝疫苗接种十年的成本-效果／效益分析，为今后制定科学的免疫规划策略提供依据。方法在1992～2002年广东省新生儿乙肝疫苗的免疫预防接种资料及1992、2002年广东省1～9岁的儿童乙肝血清流行病学资料基础上进行成本-效果／效益分析。结果广东省通过10年新生儿乙肝疫苗的免疫预防接种，估计减少HBsAg携带者1417958人、HBV感染者5334000人，减少急性乙肝病人95003人、慢性肝病患者354490人、肝硬化患者42539人以及原发性肝癌1418人。广东省10年间对新生儿实施乙肝疫苗接种产生的直接经济效益，即净效益约为111．19亿元人民币，成本-效益比为1：42。结论广东省新生儿接种乙肝疫苗产生显著的经济、社会效益，具有良好的成本-效益比，是预防和控制乙肝流行最经济、最有效的手段。

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns for 10 years and provide evidence for strategy of hepatitis B vaccination in Guangdong province. Methods Collectd and analyzed the data of hepatitis B vaccination rate of newborns from 1992 to 2002, hepatitis B incidence rate and incidence of HBsAg carriers of children aged 1 - 9 in 1992 and 2002 in Guangdong province. Results The HBsAg carrier, HBV positive ease, acute or chronic hepatitis B patient,hepatecirrhosis patient and hepatoma patient were reduced in the amount of 1 417 958, 5 334 000, 95 003, 354 490, 42 539 and 1 418 respectively by 10 years vaccination of hepatitis B to newborns. It brought about 11 119 million RMB direct benefits as well. The ratio of cost by benefit was 1 ： 42. Conclusion The implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination to newborns was the most cost-effective measure to control hepatitis B.