阜阳市甲型肝炎监测结果分析

Analysis of Hepatitis A Surveillance in Fuyang Prefecture

目的了解阜阳市甲型肝炎的发病趋势和人群甲型肝炎疫苗免疫状况，为防治甲型肝炎提供科学依据。方法对甲型肝炎疫情资料及健康人群甲型肝炎免疫状况（甲肝疫苗接种率，抗-HAVIgG检测）进行调查及分析。结果自1990年以来，甲型肝炎的发病率基本上处于下降的趋势，无明显的发病高峰年。发病以0～14岁为多，其中5～9岁发病率最高（77．15／10万）。抽查人群甲肝疫苗接种率为28．37％（246／867），其中15岁以下儿童接种率为57．98％（189／326）；761名健康人群抗-HAVIgG阳性率81．21％。在小于15岁的人群中有甲肝疫苗接种史的抗-HAVIgG的阳性率为94．52％（138／146），明显高于无免疫接种史的人群（55．37％，67／121）（x^2=56．88，P〈0．01）。在无甲肝疫苗接种史的人群中，抗-HAVIgG阳性率随年龄而上升，20岁以上人群的阳性率几乎都在90％以上。结论加强15岁以下儿童甲型肝炎疫苗的免疫接种，是控制甲肝发生与流行的重要措施。

Objective To understand incidence trend of hepatitis A and immunity level of the population so as to pro- vide basis for hepatitis A control and prevention. Methods Data of hepatitis A case report and the population immunity level were analyzed. Results Incidence of hepatitis A had decreased year by year since 1990 without obvious incidence peak year. Most cases were at age of 0 - 14. Of them, population at age of 5 - 9 had the highest incidence （77.15/ 100 000 ）. The vaccination rate of population was 28.37% （246/867）. Of them, the vaccination rate of children under 15 was 57.98% （ 189/326 ）. Anti -HAV IgG positive rate of 761 persons was 81.21%. Anti -HAV IgG positive rate of children under 15 who had the vaccination was 94.52% （ 138/146 ）, obviously higher than that of population without the vaccination （55.37% 67/121 ）. In the population without the vaccination, anti - HAV IgG positive rate increased with age. The positive rate of the population above 20 years old almost exceeded 90%. Conclusion To strengthen the vaccination on children under 15 is key measure to control hepatitis A prevalence.