热研12号平托落花生的选育

Breeding and Selection of Arachis pintoi cv.Reyan 12

为了培育和筛选适合我国热区的优良饲用牧草和地被植物兼用型草种,我国于1991年首次从哥伦比亚国际热带农业中心引入热研12号平托落花生,并于1992￣1993年在网室内进行盆栽适应性观察,1994￣1996年移于大田进行生态适应性评价和扩繁,1997￣2000年进行品种比较试验,1998￣2003年在海南、云南、广东湛江进行区域性试验,1999￣2004年进行生产性试验。结果表明:热研12号平托落花生具发达的匍匐茎,可在短期内形成20cm高的致密草层,具有较高的饲草产量和营养价值,同时花期长达10个月以上,开花时满地金黄,具有良好的园林绿化效果,综合性状优于早年引种的Amarillo平托落花生,是牧草和园林植物兼用型落花生新品种,适合我国华南、东南及西南地区作为饲用牧草和园林绿化兼用型植物推广。

A rachis p intoi cv. Reyan No. 12, first introduced from the Center of International Agriculture Tropical （CIAT）, Columbia in 1991, was planted in pot and observed in greenhouse during 1992~ 1993, and then transplanted into field in 1994 ~ 1996 to evaluate its adaptability and released for extension. Observations showed it was widely adapted, persistent and productive, tolerated shade and long dry season. During 1997-2000, a comparative trial was conducted with other 8 accessions ofArachis spp., and a regional trial from 1998 to 2003 and a production trial from 1999 to 2004 were arranged in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. The preliminary results showed that Arachis pintoi cv. Reyan No. 12, prostrate and stoloniferous, grew densely upto 20 cm and had a wide adaptability with high forage yield and nutrition. It grew best in moist, well drained and moderately fertile soils and produced high quality feed with higher dry matter yield and nutritional value over a long growing season. It flowered after planted less than one month and the flower stage persisted for more than 10 months. It had excellent virescence effect. It has been and can be widely used as a pasture plant, a cover crop in plantations, a ground cover on roadsides and steep slopes, and an ornamental plant in South China.