三峡库区小城镇面源污染现状与应对措施探讨——以万州区分水镇为例

Nonpoint Source Pollution and Control Strategy in a Small Town of Three Gorges Reservoir——A Case Study in Fenshui of Wanzhou

以三峡库区的万州区分水镇作为研究对象,调查分析了该镇长江次级河流汝溪河的水质状况,结果表明该河流的水质并不乐观。通过分析该河流流域范围内由于水土流失、畜禽养殖和化肥农药造成的面源污染现状,得出汝溪河的有机污染负荷COD>BOD>TN>TP,其中COD的贡献主要来自畜禽养殖和水土流失、BOD的贡献主要来自畜禽养殖、TN和TP的贡献主要来自化肥农药。从水环境的角度提出了进行生态农业建设、调整农业产业结构,整合畜禽养殖点、建设沼气池和加强水土保持工作等应对面源污染的措施,有利于保护汝溪河水环境,提高水资源的利用率,保障分水镇的可持续发展。同时对于保护三峡库区次级河流,减少农业面源污染对水质的破坏,改善农业生态环境也有一定的启示和借鉴作用。

With the quick development of society, economy and cities, there have been more and more towns in Chongqing in Three Gorges Reservoir, therefore, small town construction has played an important role in city development. With controlling the point source pollution, agricultural nonpoint origin pollution has become a main reason of water pollution Taking Fenshui of Wanzhou where in the Three Gorges Reservoir as an example, evaluating the water quality for Ruxi River in the small town was done in the present study. The result showed that this river had been polluted by agricultural nonpoint source pollution from poultry farms, soil erosion as well as application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer. The pollution is in an order with ranking of COD〉BOD〉TN〉TP. To control the nonpoint origin pollution, water and soilconservation,eco-agriculture development, agricultural industrial structure adjustment, poultry farms adjustment basing on water environment are likely to be main activities. Through these measures, improvement of water environment, environmental quality and sustainable development in Fenshui may become reality.