畜禽养殖场排放物病原微生物危险性调查

Hazard of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Discharge From Livestock and Poultry Breeding Farms.

以粪大肠菌群和沙门菌为指标,采集江苏省内10家不同养殖类型畜禽养殖场的排放物及其周边水、土样共37个进行观察与计数,同时分析排放污水中大肠杆菌的耐药性以及禽畜排泄物对土壤和水体耐药细菌数的影响。结果表明:调查的10家养殖场中有9家粪便未经无害化处理直接排放到水体或施于农田,且排放物的粪大肠菌群数全部严重超标,沙门菌检出率达19%,施新鲜粪肥的土壤中粪大肠菌群数(MPN,最大可能数)在105g-1以上,水体中分离出的大肠杆菌表现出多重耐药性,抗生素抗性细菌总数也远高于未施新鲜粪肥的土壤及水体。

A total of 37 samples of feces, water and soil were collected from 10 different types of livestock and poultry breeding farms in Jiangsu Province for determination of population of Fecal coliform and Samonella therein. Meanwhile drug resistance of the Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater and effect of animal excreta on population of antibiotic tolerant bacteria in soil and water were analyzed. Results show that of the 10 livestock and poultry farms studied, 9 were found discharging animal feces directly into the soil and water without any pre-treatment, and their discharges significantly exceeded the criterion for population of Fecal coliform, and 19% of the fecal samples was found to have Samonella. The count of Fecal coliform in the soils applied with fresh manure was well above 10^5 g^-1. All the Escherichia coli isolated from the wastewater showed tolerance to a number of drugs and one isolate was even able to tolerate 10 kinds of antimicrobial. The count of tetracycline or streptomycin resistant bacteria in the soil or water amended with fresh manure was much higher than in common soil or water.