建构的“客家”与区域社会史:关于赣南客家研究的思考

The Constructed Hakka and Social History of Region:the Reflect on the Hakka Research

赣南的"客家文化区"的形象是1990年代以来政府、民众、社会和学界共同建构的结果。其心理基础在于19世纪末20世纪初受粤东影响形成的"客家人"及其认同概念,而其历史基础则在于自唐宋以来赣南先民与明清时期流民之间相互"层累"地构成客家建构所必须的历史背景和文化资源。推进赣南的客家研究,一方面应对赣南客家"建构"的历史进行梳理,包括19世纪末20世纪初以来,赣南人作为一个"客家"族群自我认同意识和赣南地区作为一个"客家文化区"地方认同意识的建构过程;另一方面,必须放弃传统研究中以方言和移民作为认定客家的硬性指标的做法,充分展开对赣南复杂而多元的区域文化研究,特别是必须在历史进程中把握这种区域文化之形成,重新认识赣南"客家形成"之历史背景。必须开展一些个案式的研究来展现赣南的区域历史进程及其被"制造"成文化表象,并进一步被人们运用这种表象"建构"成客家的过程。

Govemment, people, society and scholars have constructed the image of the Hakka Culture Region of Southern Jiangxi （Gannan） since 1990＇s,because the Hakngin maybe had been an ethnic group and had his psychological identity by the end of 19th and at the beginning of 20th century. Gannan has varied culture and history resource just because the people in Tang and Song Dynasty and the immigrate in Ming and Qing Dynasty influenced each other. In order to advance the Hakka research of Gannan, we can make efforts on two aspects. First, we research the process of the constructing Hakka, including the process of the construction of identity of Gannan people by the end of 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century and local identity of the Hakka Culture Region of Gannan. Second, we should carry research on the history region culture of Gannan which had been formed in the long history process in order to realize the history background of The Fmmlng of Hakka, and than, do not distinguish Hakka by dialect and immigrate. Many cases should be carried on in order to unfold the history process of Gannan which was been transformed into culture representation for people to constructive Hakka.