全球化视域中的儒家内圣外王之道

On Confucian Doctrine of Exercising Perfect Self-cultivation and Benevolent Governance in the Field of Globalized View

全球化使得普世价值的本土化和本土经验的普世化问题日益彰显。儒家的内圣外王能否建设现代社会的政治和经济制度,是近代以来备受关注的重要问题。相较于西方的理性精神和主客二分的思维方式,儒家的内圣外王始终是统一的,构成儒家丰富的文化资源。其内圣思想不仅是伦理学,更是天道人心的贯通。外王作为内圣的组成部分,有着深刻的内圣依据。这种智慧结构在近代却遭受到严重危机。反思我们的传统文化,儒家从内圣到外王政治考虑,包含着不同于西方民主发展的特质。如果说西方的民主问题实质上是权力的合法性问题,那么儒家内圣外王之道则在于如何给最高权力以限制。我们拥有丰富的内圣和外王资源,理应在合理参照西方资源的基础上,实现传统文化的现代化。

Globalization has made more distinct the problem of domestication of general value and generalization of domestic experiences. Whether or not the Confucian doctrine of exercising perfect self-cultivation and benevolent governance will help to construct the political and economic systems of modem society is an issue much concerned about in the contemporary period. In contrast with the Western reasonable spirit and the thinking way with the division of the subject and the object, the Confucian doctrine of exercising perfect self-cultivation and benevolent governance is always united, thus forming rich Confucian cultural resources. The thinking of exercising perfect self-cultivation is not only involved with the ethics, but also a ran-through of the heavenly doctrine and the mind of the people. As a component of exercising perfect self-cultivation, exercising benevolent governance has a profound foundation to exercise perfect self-cultivation. The wisdom structure has met with severe crisis in the contemporary period. When re-thinking our traditional cul- ture, the political consideration of Confucians from exercising perfect self-cultivation to exercising benevolent governance covers a specific nature different from the development of Western democracy. If we say that the problem of Western democracy is essentially one of the legitimacy of power, then the Confucian doctrine of exercising perfect self-cuhivation and benevolent governance is to make limitations on the highest power. As we possess rich resources of the doctrine of exercising perfect self-cultivation and benevolent governance, we should realize the modernization of traditional culture based on referring rationally to Western resources.