1953-1956年美国的橡胶政策与国内政治

U.S.Rubber Policy and Its Domestic Politics 1953-1956 and the Feudal States in Medieval Western Europe

20世纪50年代初,世界天然橡胶市场出现了以产品积压、价格下跌为特征的危机,严重打击了东南亚橡胶生产国的经济。美国与东南亚橡胶生产国在如何解决橡胶危机问题上存在的分歧,不仅影响了美国与这些国家的关系,更动摇了美国所坚持的对华橡胶禁运。为此,艾森豪威尔政府将橡胶问题列入国家安全委员会的紧急讨论日程,并出台了NSC5417号系列文件,试图缓解这一危机。但由于受到保护国内合成橡胶工业、财政紧缩政策、经济自由主义高涨等国内因素的制约,美国政府最后在橡胶问题上无所作为,美国与东南亚橡胶生产国的关系因此遭到严重损害,对华橡胶禁运也彻底瓦解。

In the early 1950s, a serious crisis in world natural rubber market, characterized by steep price drop and huge overstock, attacked heavily natural rubber-producing countries in Southeast Asia. Not only did the differences between U.S. and these rubber-producing countries on the solution of this crisis harm their relationships, but also shaked the rubber embargo against People’s Republic of China. Eisenhower Administration listed rubber problems on the top of national security agenda and tried to solve it by forming series NSC 5417 papers. Owing to certain domestic elements, such as the protection of U.S. synthetic rubber industry, the tightening fiscal policy and predominant economic freedom, etc., this effort accomplished nothing. As a result, the relationship between U.S. and natural rubber-producing countries became worse, and rubber embargo against China also collapsed.