湖南郴州市1992～2006年乙肝流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiology characteristic of hepatitis B in Chenzhou City from 1992 to 2006

目的分析1992～2006年郴州市乙肝流行特征,为预防和控制乙肝提供科学依据。方法收集整理郴州市1992～2006年乙肝疫情资料,并对其进行描述性研究分析。结果郴州市1992～2006年乙肝年均发病率为21.00/10万,乙肝发病率从1992年的11.95/10万上升至2006年的40.72/10万,1992～1996、1997～2001和2002～2006年三个时段的年均发病率分别为15.40/10万、22.55/10万和24.83/10万,三时段发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=509.35,P<0.01);各县(市、区)年均发病率差异有显著性(χ2=2968.94,P<0.01);发病主要集中在15～40岁年龄阶段,占总发病数的59.01%,男女发病比例为2.63:1;职业主要为农民、学生和工人,分别占总发病数的43.44%、15.38%和13.82%;发病季节性不明显。结论郴州市乙肝发病率仍较高,且有上升趋势,今后应加强乙肝监测,提高乙肝疫苗接种率,严格执行医院消毒制度,加强血液制品管理,开展健康教育,以有效控制乙肝的发病和流行。

Objective To-analyze the prevalent features hepatitis B （HB） in Chenzhou City, and provide scientific basis for preventing and controling the disease. Methods The data concerning hepatitis B infections 1992 to 2006 in Cenzhou were cted and ama;uzed by using descriptive method. Results The average annual incidence of hepatitis B was 21.00/100,000 from 1992 to 2006. The incidence of hepatitis B increased from 11.95/100,000 in 1992 to 40.72/100,000 in 2006 with an average annual incidence of 15.40/100,000 during the first five years and 22.55/100,000 and 24.83/100,000 during the second and the third five years respectively, showing statistically significant differences among the three periods （X^2 = 509.35, P 〈 0.01 ）. Most of the cases （ 59.01 % ） were in theage group of from 15 to 40 years old , and the ratios of male to female was 2.63 ： 1. Most of the patients were peasants, students and workers, occupied 43.44%, 15.38% and 13.82%, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B was still high in Chenzhou and shows an increasing trend. It is important to enforce monitoring, improve the immunization coverage. To control the prevalenc of hepatitis B efforts should be made in performing disinfection in hospital strictly, strengthening supervision of blood products, and developing health education, so as to control HB effectively.