小流域山洪风险图的编制及实践

Practice of Flood Hazard Mapping of Small River Basins

水环境是各类生物赖以生存的场所,水是人类社会生存和发展的基础,是必不可少的重要资源。中国是世界上洪涝灾害最严重的国家之一,东南沿海中小流域经济发达,山洪灾害频繁发生,防洪减灾研究十分重要。洪水风险图综合自然、社会经济和洪水灾害等多种信息,在防洪减灾中可发挥重要参考作用。根据洪水风险图编制的基本理论,针对我国小流域山洪的洪水特点及地区因素,以中国浙江分水江支流前溪为例,在水文学原理基础上,分析主要致灾因子划分地理单元和计算单元,建立淹没计算、评价模型,对风险图绘制的基本原理、难点、技术方法进行了探讨。

Water environment is the survival site of biology. Water is the foundation of the survival and development ot human society and the indispensable important resources. The middle and small river basins in southeast China has developed economy but faces frequent flash flood disaster, so it＇s very important to research the disaster prevention. The flood hazard map integrates much information of nature, social economy and flood disaster, which may play an important role in the disaster prevention. According to the basic theory of flood hazard mapping, in view of the characteristics of small valley-foot flood and regional factors, taking Qianxi River, the anabranch of Fenshui River in Zhejiang province, as an example, this paper analyzes the main factors of the disaster, measures off the geographical and calculation units, sets up the calculation and evaluation model for flood, and discusses the basic principle, difficulty and technical methods of the flood hazard mapping.