家庭居住与机构居住老年人社会支持的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY IN SOCIAL SUPPORT BETWEEN HOME DWELLING AND INSTITUTION DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

以65位家庭居住和92位机构居住的老年人为样本,采用Sherbourne和Stewart的MOS社会支持问卷和自编社会支持问卷调查了老年人的社会支持现状,比较了家庭居住与机构居住老年人社会支持的不同特点。结果发现:(1)家庭居住和机构居住老年人在社会支持维度上存在显著差异:在心理支持、行为支持、活动支持等维度上,机构居住的老年人显著高于家庭居住的老年人;而在感情支持维度上家庭居住的老年人显著高于机构居住的老年人。(2)社会支持对老年人的身心健康具有显著影响。(3)性别,年龄,教育水平,职业状况,婚姻状况,子女数量,健在兄弟姐妹数量等人口统计变量对不同居住背景老年人的社会支持有显著影响。

In order to compare the difference in social support between older adults who live at home and those who reside in institution housing, 157 older aduhs were investigated by MOS Social Support Questionnaire developed by Sherbourne and Stewart. The results indicated that： 1） Emotional support, tangible social support and positive social interaction of home dwelling older adults were significantly lower than those of institution dwelling older adults; while affectionate support of institution dwelling older adults was significantly lower than home dwelling older adults. 2） The social support of older adults with no mental illness was significantly higher than those with mental illness. 3） Gender, education, occupation, marital status, number of children, number of living sisters and brothers have significant influences on social support of older adults in different dwelling backgrounds. It is suggested that social support of older adults should be improved based on the advantages and disadvantages of different dwelling background.