尾矿砂沙害形成机理与工程治理措施的选择

THE MECHANISM OF SAND DAMAGE FORMATION FROM TAILINGS AND ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES

尾矿砂沙害的形成过程，包含着尾矿砂强烈风蚀、尾矿砂输送搬运与堆积，以及尾矿砂吹扬在大气中的粉沙悬移等３个过程。上述３个过程对土地、大气、水体、道路、建筑物及农作物造成严重危害，甚至影响人身健康。研究结果表明，尾矿砂的治理，需采用固结沙面、切断沙源，即消除灾害源的方法。固结沙面的材料，宜采用坚固耐久、抗风蚀力强、具有较好蓄水保墒性能，以及保温能力高、且廉价的戈壁沙砾石。沙砾石覆盖之后，不仅固结了沙面，切断了沙源，而且为天然植物种子的散落和幼苗发育创造了稳定条件，加快了天然植物衍生。覆盖后的第一年雨季后，植物盖度到达了１５％～３０％，局部地段高达５０％。

The wind erosion, transportation,deposition and shifting in the air of tailings sands can cause damages to soil, atmosphere, water bodies, roads, buildings and crops. They are also harmful to human beings health. To control the damages is to fix the surface of the tailings sand. The gravel layer has a lot of good aspects, such as the durability, the big capacity to resist strong wind erosion, the expected feature to conserve water and the out standing performance in heat preservation, so it is a excellent material to control sand damages. This measure do not cost much. With the gravel layer covering the tailings sands, there is no sand resource and natural vegetation can be established in the stable hatitat. In the second year after the gravel layer covering the tailings sands the coverage of the vegetation has meanly reached 15%￣30% and 50% at some sections.