部分蔷薇(Rosa multiflora)属植物的RAPD分析

The RAPD Analysis of Rosa multiflora

蔷薇作为园林观赏植物,在中国城市绿化中应用较为广泛,但目前应用的蔷薇品种较为混杂,尚无系统研究。本研究采用RAPD技术对部分蔷薇属植物进行亲缘关系的分析,旨在进一步明确蔷薇种、品种,为引种育种以及材料选择提供参考。对蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种进行了RAPD分析,16个引物对供试蔷薇材料PCR扩增获得175条谱带,其中多态性条带151条(86.3%)表现出丰富的遗传多态性。且不同花色系蔷薇属植物间的遗传多态性不同,白色系75.16%,粉红色系73.46%,黄色系37.50%。利用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图,蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种在阈值为0.667处被分划为两大类群,这两大类群间的遗传距离较近,黄蔷薇与黄刺枚单独被划分为一个类群,与上述两类群间的遗传距离较远。聚类结果显示出了蔷薇的演化趋势:白色、单瓣是蔷薇较为原始的一个性状,花径大、重瓣性高是现代蔷薇栽培品种的性状,而部分粉红色半重瓣蔷薇则是从野生种到现代栽培品种的中间过渡类型。

As an important ornamental plant Rosa multiflora is used widely in the greening of the city in our country. But there was no integrate research about the Rosa cultivars. Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 2 Rosa species, 1 var. species and 20 Rosa multiflora cultivars. Sixteen primers amplified 175 DNA fragments, 151 （86.3%） of which were polymorphic. Different color cultivars had different genetic polymorphism with the white 75.16%, pink 73.46%, yellow 37.50%. Cultivars were taken for cluster analysis by the way of UPGMA. When LD was 0.667 material in experiment could be classified into three categories. The two parts were white-pink cuhivars such as Rosa multiflora and modern cuhivars of Rosa of which flower were larger. Yellow flowers were in anther part which was far away from other two parts. The cluster result revealed the evolution tendency of Rosa plants. Original character was white and simple petal. Modern character of Rosa cultivars was Larger and double flower. The Rosa of pink semi-double petal was the transition from wild species to modern cultivars.