旅游开放度对摩梭文化的影响研究

Effects of Tourism Opening-up on Mosuo Matriarchal Culture

泸沽湖地区以其独特的摩梭文化吸引着越来越多的游客,这种蓬勃发展的旅游业对当地文化的影响成为人们关注的焦点。本文提出了旅游开放度的概念及其测度方法,通过对摩梭家庭的走访和问卷调查,深入分析了旅游开放度对摩梭传统文化的影响。结果表明:旅游开放度的增加在一定程度上影响了当地摩梭人对自身传统文化的看法,这种看法的改变在旅游业相对发达的地区表现尤为突出。同时,对摩梭传统走婚制度影响因素进行相关分析的结果显示,外出打工是影响摩梭人的走婚观念的主要因素。

The ethnic culture of Lugu lake attracts more and more tourists because of its cultural heritage and traditional customs. With the flourishing tourism and other economic activities, the culture has definitely affected host communities and local people and ires been extensively studied by researchers in a variety of disciplines from anthropology to geography, economics to sociology. The identification of these changes and analysis of the factors which affect the change have gained more and more attentions over the last two decades and become an important issue for local sustain able development concemed by government and researchers. Taking tourism opening-up as an index and combining the survey of local families and questionnaire, our study examine local people＇s viewpoints regarding marriage, language, traditional dress and diet, and factors which could lead to the change of people＇ s opinions. The results show that increasing tourism opening-up lead to the change of attitude on their own culture, and this change of attitude is more obviously for the people in developed area. But Mosuo people opening-up to the outside world did not change the core of their culture, which Axia relation and ma）rilineal families still dominate their life. And according to our correlation analysis, we find that economic activities, education and language are three important factors which have impacts on local people＇s viewpoints regarding their culture and life. Among these factors, the activity of outgoing for living is the most important factor and the younger generation is more likely to be. affected by tourism because they have contacts with the outside world more often in their everyday life. Further research is needed in terms of how to protect the local culture with the boom of tourism, as well as how to minimize, the influence on local residents.