花生苗期化学除草效果试验及安全性分析

Study on the Chemical Herbicide Effect Test in Peanut Seedling Stage and Its Safty Analysis

[目的]探索花生苗期田间杂草的化学防治效果。[方法]应用15％精喹禾灵乳油和11．8％精喹·乳氟禾乳油对花生苗期田间杂草进行茎叶喷雾处理的防治效果、安全性和增产作用的试验。[结果]在花生苗期喷施900ml／hm^2精喹禾灵乳油对稗草、狗尾草、牛筋草等禾本科杂草具有100％的防效，但对一些阔叶杂草防效较差，而喷施600和720ml／hm^2精喹·乳氟禾乳油则除了对稗草等禾本科杂草有特效外，还对马齿苋、剌儿菜、鸭跖草等阔叶杂草具有显著的防效，均达80％以上。2种除草剂均对花生叶片局部产生一些轻度的接触性药斑，药斑在1～2周内可恢复，不影响花生的中后期生长及产量，具有很强的选择性。[结论]供试的2种除草剂是理想的花生苗期（杂草芽后）选择性除草剂，值得推广应用。

[ Objective] The research aimed to explore the chemical herbicide effects in peanut seedling stage. [ Methodl 15% quizalofop-Pethyl EC and 11.8% quizalofop-p-ethyl · lactuofen EC were used to make the experiments on controlling effect, safety and yield-increasing effect through spraying on stems and leaves of field weeds in peanut seedling stage. [ Result] In peanut seedling stage, spraying 900 mL/hm^2 quizalofop-P-ethyl EC on the grass weeds such as Barnyard grass, Green bristlegrass and Goosegrass had 100% control effect, but it had a poor control effect on some broad-leaved weeds. While, spraying 600 and 720 ml/hm^2 quizalofop-p-ethyl · lactuofen EC had remarkable effects not only on the grass weeds such as B. grass but also on the broad-leaved weeds such as Purslane, Cirsium setosum and Dayflower, with the control effect of more than 80%. Both of the 2 herbicides would not produce some slight contact drug spots on the part of peanut leaves and the drug spots on the leaves could be recovered in 1 to 2 weeks, which couldu＇ t affect the growth and yield of the peanut in middle and late stage. So the 2 herbicides had good selectivity. [ Conclusion] 2 tested herbicides were ideal selective herbicides in peanut seedling stage （in sprouting stage of weeds） and should be worth to be popularized and applied.