世界自然遗产黄龙钙华景观的地质分析

GEOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF TRAVERTINE LANDSCAPE IN THE HUANGLONG,WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE

四川省松潘县黄龙是世界自然遗产，以秀美的自然景色、巨型的钙华堆积闻名于世。黄龙所处的岷山地区位于喜马拉雅期是构造活动地区，更新世以来不断隆起，成为现代隆起高山区。在更新世，山岳冰川广布全区，进入全新世，区内发育现代冰川，因而留下了冰蚀地貌和大量冰积物。黄龙的钙华来源于大气降水下渗形成的喀斯特水，该地下水以断层泉方式转为地表迳流，在沿沟向下流动过程中形成了钙华堆积，正是这种不断变化的钙华堆积呈现出绚丽的钙华风貌。钙华的堆积地貌有钙华池、钙华滩和钙华瀑布，溶蚀地貌有钙华洞穴，其钙华景观至今仍是处于不断变化中。

Huanglong, a world natural heritage, lies in the Songpan County of Sichuan Province, and is famous for the beautiful natural landscape, especially the giant travertine. This area belongs to Minshan Mountain which is a structural active province in the Himalayan period. Since Pleistocene epoch, continuously uprising has made this area become a modern high mountain region, where mountain glacier is Widespread. Modern glaciation during the Holocene created con- spicuous glacial landscape and left abundant glacial deposition. The underground karst water rose up to the ground through the fault and flow along the river channel, forming various travertine landforms of travertine pool, travertine beach, travertine waterfall and travertine cave. These beautiful landforms are still varying at present.