大兴安岭森林生态系统中小型土壤动物生态地理特征分析

Ecological and geographical study on small and middle sized soil animals in Daxing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.

通过野外调查,研究了大兴安岭森林生态系统东、西坡4个不同纬度带的8个样地的中小型土壤动物群落的生态特征.该研究共获得中小型土壤动物3门6纲21目67科,其中以革螨、辐螨、甲螨和节跳虫科为优势类群.东、西坡土壤动物区系比较结果为:西坡的个体数、类群数和稀有类群数均高于东坡,西坡的中小型土壤动物相对较为丰富.不同纬度4对样地的比较结果表明,处于高纬度的东坡塔河(d)和西坡满归(D)两样地的土壤动物个体密度最小.群落特征指数的分析结果显示,西坡各地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)平均值高于东坡;西坡的复杂性指数(Cj)变化与H基本一致,东坡Cj的变化趋势与H相反;群落的多样性与丰富度变化呈显著的正相关,与个体数和类群数没有直接相关关系.

Based upon the investigation of the ecosystems on east and west slope in Daxing'anling Mountains,a comparative study was conducted on the ecological characteristics of small and middle sized soil animals communities.Abundant taxa of small and middle sized soil animals were found in the sites,which belong to 67 families,21 orders,six classes and three phyla.Among these,Gamasida,Actinedida,Oribatida and Isotomidae were the dominant groups.Individual numbers,group numbers and rare group numbers on the west slope were much richer than those on the east slope. Individual density of small and middle sized soil animals in Tahe(d) and Mangui(D) sites where located at the high latitude was the lowest.The results of the comparison analysis of characteristic indices showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) in sites of the west slope was higher than that on the east slope,and the rule of C_j was as same as H on the west slope,while the trend of C_j was opposite the H on east slope.The correlation between the diversity of small and middle sized soil animals communities and richness was positive,and there was no direct relation with the diversity of small and middle sized soil animal communities and individual numbers and group numbers.