四种免疫促进剂对日本蟳酚氧化酶和血细胞的影响

Effects of Four Kinds of Immunostimulants on Phenoloxidase and Hemocytes of Crab Charybdis japonica

为查清免疫促进剂对日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)(俗称石蟹)自身免疫力的增强作用及机理,对脂多糖(LPS)、β-葡聚糖(-β1,3-glucan)、灭活鳗弧菌和灭活哈维氏弧菌对日本蟳酚氧化酶(PO)的产量与活性以及血细胞的数量与超微结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明,经4种免疫促进剂处理后,日本PO产量和总酶活性都有显著增加,但PO的比活性与对照相比没有显著差异。日本蟳血细胞超微结构观察显示,多糖处理组小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞的糙面内质网和线粒体数量增加,颗粒数量减少、体积增大,而透明细胞的超微结构没有显著变化;灭活弧菌处理组小颗粒细胞中的颗粒数量明显减少,透明细胞中线粒体的数量显著增加。由此可见,多糖类和灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂对日本非特异性免疫系统的影响不同,多糖类免疫促进剂主要提高酚氧化酶原激活组分PO的产量,进而提高PO总酶活性,而灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂主要提高透明细胞和小颗粒细胞的吞噬活性。

To reveal the stimulating effects and mechanisms of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crab Charybdis japonica, the immunostimulating effects of β-1, 3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, inactivated vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on the yield and enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase （PO） and the number and ultrastructure of hemocytes from Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yield and the enzymatic activities of PO increased, respectively, after treated with β-1,3-glucan, LPS, inactivated Vibrio Harvey and Vibrio anguillarum, while the unit activity remained almost the same before and after treatments. After treated with β-1, 3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum （RER） and mitochondrion of both semigranular cells and granular cells increased significantly, and the number of granules inside decreased with enlarged volume, while those of hyaline cells remained unchanged. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the amount of mitochondrion of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treated with inactivated vibros. From the above it can be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the non-specific immune system of Charybdis japonica is different from that of inactivated vibro immunostimulants. The enhancing mechanism of polysaccharide immunostimulants on charybdis japonica autogenous immunocompetence is increasing PO production and total po activities, while those of inactivated vibro immunostimulants are increasing partially PO production and total PO activities and improving markedly the phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.