论高启与魏观:再论元末明初江南士人之境遇

To Restudy the Circumstances of the Gentries in Jiangnan during the Late Yuan and Early Ming Period by Focusing on the Cases of Gao Qi and Wei Guan

《明太祖实录》载录魏观七条史料,但对于魏观被杀却不着一词,为重新考察洪武七年魏观与高启被杀案,提供了一条新的线索。高启的个性自由洒脱,而朱元璋对江南士人采取高压与不信任政策,是导致高启辞官的根本原因。或许高启写讥讽诗给朱元璋内心埋下阴影,但魏观在张士诚旧址兴建府治,高启写《上梁文》,触怒朱元璋,因而导致血案。不久朱元璋感觉量刑过重,因而将魏观赐祭,并使之归葬本土。最终《实录》不书,为之隐讳,朱元璋反复无常的个性与魏观所在的苏州是江南重镇,是解开本案的关键因素。

There is a new clue to restudy the case of Gao Qi and Wei Guan in 1374 that there was not a single word related to the case in Ming Taizu shilu even there were seven pieces of materials about Wei Guan in the book. There were two direct reasons for Gao Qi to resi~ because of his free and easy characteristic and the harsh policies to the gentries in Jiangnan during the early Ming period. Wei Guan rebuilt the Suzhou Prefecture government office on the former site of Zhang Shicheng＇ s palace to incur the wrath of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang which was the direct reason for the case. Zhu Yuanzhang regarded soon that the sentence was too heavy and he felt sorry to Wei Guan, then he issued a royal decree to offer sacrifices to Wei C, uan and to bury him in his homeland. That is the reason for Ming Taizu shilu not to record this case. There were two key factors to interpret this case that Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang＇s characteristics and Suzhou as one of the important cities in Jiangnan.