应制诗“冒头”现象及其成因

Study on the Feature of "Maotou" in the Yingzhi Poems

"冒头"指诗歌发端未切诗旨,有大量琐语铺叙,这一现象在应制诗中表现特别明显。晋宋时四言应制诗发端多颂圣冗语,数韵方及主题;在四言和五言祖饯应制诗中,诗人突出帝王在送行中的地位,隐去自身,以颂圣代替违恋之情,和"冒头"同一机杼,至唐甚至发展为在饯送诗中抒酬恩报恩之念。应制诗具有的意识形态、文化资本、仪式化等方面的特点决定了"冒头"的成因,表现出应制诗的政治功利性和工具性。同时,"冒头"也反映出应制诗人对君权的策略性妥协及其屏营于人格独立和依附间的焦虑和无奈。

＂Maotou＂ means the beginning of a poem has no bearing on the main subject. The existence of this phenomenon in the Yingzhi poems is obvious. The beginnings of the Yingzhi poems with four - word - sentence in the Jin and Song Dynasties praise the emperors, which have nothing to do with the main subject of the poems. In the four - word - sentence and five - word - sentence farewell poems, the poets stress the position of emperors, displacing the feeling of farewell to praise the emperors which have the same purpose and effect of ＂Maotou＂. Even in the Tang Dynasties, Yingzhi poets express their idea of gratitude in the farewell poems. The features of ideology, cultural capital and ritualization result in the phenomenon of ＂Maotou＂, which show the utilitarianism and implement in Yingzhi poems. In addition, ＂Maotou＂ reflects the anxiety and helplessness of Yingzhi poets and their compromise to the emperors.