辣木籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及其化学成分分析

Extraction of Moringa oleifear seed oil by SCF-CO_2 and analysis of its constituent

研究了超临界CO2流体萃取辣木籽油的工艺条件并对其化学成分进行了分析。考察了在超临界CO2条件下，萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和分离温度等因素对出油率的影响，并通过正交试验优化得到最佳工艺条件，最后用GC—MS法测定辣木籽油的化学组成。结果显示最佳工艺条件为：萃取时间180mm，萃取压力20MPa，CO2流量20kg／h，萃取温度35℃，分离温度40℃，在此条件下出油率为36．3％，提取率为97％。GC—MS测定结果显示辣木籽油主要由脂肪酸组成。总的质量分数为92％，其中含油酸65．63％；此外还含有1％～3％的饱和烃（1．07％）、醛和醚（1．76％）、酯（2．85％），1．95％的菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇和岩藻甾醇。揭示了用超临界CO2法萃取辣木籽油是可行的；辣木籽油是一种富含油酸、甾醇等功能性成分的植物油。

Moringa oleifear seed oil was extracted by supercritical fluid - CO2 （ SCF - CO2 ） and its con- stituents were analyzed by GC - MS. The effects of extraction time, pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate and separate temperature on the oil yield were studied and the optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments. The optimal conditions were as follows：extraction time 180 min, extraction pressure 20 MPa, CO2 flow rate 20 kg/h, extraction temperature 35 ℃ , separate temperature 40 ℃. At the conditions, the oil yield was 36.3% and the oil yield efficiency was 97%. GC -MS analysis revealed that the main constituent of the oil was fatty acid amounted to 92%, among which oleic acid was 65.63%. In addition,the oil contained 1% -3% saturated hydrocarbons, 1.76% carbonyls and ether, 2.85% ester, and 1.95% campesterol,β- sitosterol and fucosterol. This study showed that Moringa oleifear seed oil was rich in functional components such as oleic acid and sterol.