论宣告死亡对被宣告死亡人重婚罪的影响——反思宣告死亡刑法上的效力

The Influence of Declaration of Death on the Dead Committing Bigamy——Reflections on the Validity of Declaration of Death in Criminal Law

失踪人被宣告死亡后,婚姻关系从死亡宣告之日起消灭,被宣告死亡人的配偶有再婚的权利,而对于失踪人在不知道被宣告死亡的条件下是否可以再婚,却缺乏明确的法律规定,无疑对被宣告死亡人重婚罪认定产生困惑。关于死亡宣告刑法上的效力,有肯定和否定之争,通过对死亡宣告中"死亡"性质和犯罪事实的理论分析可以看出,死亡宣告的法律后果在失踪人生存的情况下不具有刑法上的效力,即死亡宣告后,失踪人在不知情的情况下的再婚行为构成重婚罪。

After being declared to be dead, a missing person＇s marital relationship dissolves from the day of declaration and the spouse has the right to remarry. There＇s no specific law about whether the missing person can remarry without knowing his/her being declared to be dead. It will definitely cause confusion in deciding the bigamy. There＇re disputes on the validity of declaration of death in criminal law. According to the analysis of the nature of ＂death＂ and the fact of crime, legal consequence of the declaration has no legal validity on the condition that the missing person is still alive ; i.e. after the declaration of death, the missing person is guilty of bigamy even if he/ she knows nothing about the declaration.