熊十力“乾元性海”思想探析

On Xiong Shi-li’s Proposition"Ch’ien Yuan Xing Hai"

熊十力先生"乾元性海"命题将"乾元"与人之本性系联起来,在天人合一的大前提下,以乾元在人谓之性,乾元之"乾"乃刚健不息之意,故乾元本体在人亦成就刚健不息之性,故熊氏言"性"特别突出"生生之本然",即人禀此生生不息真几而生,亦当生生不息,刚健向上。但是乾元健动不止并不是毫无险阻,由于坤势凝聚作用,人禀坤有形,与物接触,形成与本心相反的习染之势,障蔽本心,阻碍乾元发用。故人必须破除险阻,畅发自性。因此,熊氏论心性修养时,极为注重生命力的刚健不息。效法坤势的收摄承载作用,熊氏也注重涵养本心,根据《观卦》爻辞,提出"观生"的收敛工夫。

Xiong Shi-li＇s proposition ＂Ch＇ ien Yuan Xing Hai＂ combines ＂Ch＇ ien Yuan＂ with human nature. In the premise of the theory that man is the integral part of nature, ＂Ch＇ ien Yuan＂ refers to human nature. ＂Ch ＇ien＂ means moving vigorously and continuously, and correspondingly dynamic human life has continued endlessly in the universe. Professor Xiong emphasizes that human beings＇ inherent quality of growth and development determines that they should forever go ahead with enterprising spirit. On the other hand, there is ＂Kun＂, which gives man the body form that may block nature and the function of ＂Ch＇ ien Yuan＂. So Professor Xiong Shi-li attaches importance to dynamic activity of human beings; meanwhile, he also notices the self-restraint based on ＂Kun＂ whose function is to control and bear.