完成事件的形式语义分析

A Formal Semantic Analysis of Accomplishments

完成事件是Vendler所提出的四类事件结构中最为复杂的一类。基于形式语义学的分析方法，本文旨在应用Rothstein的新戴维森分析法着重说明有关完成事件的三个基本问题：一是提出以类驱动的生成方法为基础来实现完成事件的语义衍推；二是认为完成事件是活动事件与达成事件的加合，其中，活动事件的终结点与达成事件之间存在事件一参与者相关性；三是通过与Krifka对渐进客体的严式解读做出区分，并通过与整体客体的概念进行对比，澄清Rothstein关于渐进客体的思想。

An accomplishment is the most complex one among the four types of event structures proposed by Vendler. On the basis of the formal semantic approach, this paper intends to highlight the three fundamental issues concerning accomplishments within Rothstein＇s neo-Davidsonian analysis. Firstly, this paper proposes that the semantic derivation of accomplishments can be realized on the basis of type-driven generation. Secondly, it argues that an accomplishment is the sum of an activity and an achievement, in which the culmination of the activity is timeparticipant connected to the achievement. Thirdly it clarifies the incremental theme in Rothstein＇s sense by distinguishing it from that in Krifka＇s sense and also in the contrast with the holistic theme.