四川白肋烟亲本改良及低烟碱转化杂交种的增质减害效果

Improvement for hybrid parents and the quality enhancing and harm reducing effect of low nicotine conversion hybrids in burley tobacco in Sichuan

针对四川白肋烟杂交种达白1号、达白2号和达白3号烟碱转化株比例和烟碱转化率高的问题,采用转化株早期诱导鉴定和选择技术对其亲本进行改良,培育出改良杂交种达白1号NN、达白2号NN、达白3号NN,并探讨了其增质减害效果。经过2代定向选择后,转化问题较为突出的父本材料达所26和达所27的转化株比例,分别由53.2%和96.0%降低到5%以下和12%以下;3个改良杂交种晾制后混合烟叶样品的烟碱转化率分别为3.0%、2.2%和2.63%,分别比相应常规种的10.89%、7.62%和51.81%降低72.5%、71.1%和94.9%。总烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)含量比相应常规杂交种分别降低38.5%、29.2%和50.8%,N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)含量比相应常规杂交种分别降低61.3%、49.6%和71.0%。改良杂交种香味品质明显改善,表现为烟叶风格程度增加,香气质、香气量提高,杂气减少。改良杂交种生物碱组成得到优化,增质减害效果明显,具有较大的推广利用价值。

Study was conducted,through early identification and selection,to investigate the effect of selecting parents of Dabai hybrids for nicotine conversion and to compare the effects on reducing converters,decreasing tobacco specific nitrosamine,and increasing flavor quality in improved hybrids,Dabai1NN,Dabai2NN,Dabai3NN,compared with the regular hybrids,which had high proportion of converters in the population.Through 3 generation systemic selections,the proportion of converters in the population of Dasuo26 and Dasuo27 reduced to less than 5% and less than 12%,respectively,from 53.2% and 96.0% in the original population.The nicotine conversions rates of the 3 improved hybrids in bulk samples were 3.0%,2.2%,and 2.63%,respectively,72.5%,71.1%,and 94.9% lower than the regular hybrids,respectively.Total TSNA content in the 3 improved hybrids decreased 38.5%,29.2%,and 50.8% compared with regular hybrids,and the difference was mainly caused by NNN reduction.The percent decreases were 61.3%,49.6% and 71.0%,respectively.Improved hybrids had better tobacco flavor quality than regular hybrids,with increased burley style,enhanced aroma quality and quantity,and decreased offensive odor.The improved hybrids had better alkaloid composition,higher flavor quality and lower harm,therefore had high value of utilization in burley tobacco production.