应制诗:妥协策略下的政治文本——以梁及唐访寺应制诗中佛教因素的消长为观照点

Yingzhi poem:a political text of compromise focus on the rise and ebb of buddhism factors in the vist - temple Yingzhi poems of Liang and Tang Dynasties

梁和唐是访寺应制诗创作的繁荣期,梁访寺诗的结尾多弘阐佛理,表达对佛法的解会、赞叹和皈依之情,而唐诗的结尾则无一例外为颂圣,并且以"大风"、"湛露"、"南薰"等有儒家意味的典故入诗。梁帝王多笃信佛教,且躬自修持,唐诸帝王虽尊崇佛教,然其目的在于利用佛教,援佛助儒,以为治国之纲。应制诗人考虑到身为"裁判"的帝王对佛教的态度,对自己诗歌的内容作出了微调,甚至不惜隐藏自己对佛法的怀疑或信仰,从而使梁和唐访寺应制诗出现了微妙的区别。这种情况反映出应制诗作为一种优质"文化资本"所具有的政治性、功利性以及意识形态意义上的"掩蔽"性,而对信仰的"隐藏"则表现出应制诗所具有的工具性。这些都使应制诗成为一种政治文本,反映出士人为了实现自己的理想而采取的妥协策略及其与王权"博弈"中的焦虑和无奈。

By comparing the ending of visit - temple Y poems of the Liang Dynasty and those of the Tang Dynasty, it was discovered that the former attached importance to advocating Buddhism and the latter to magnifying emperors. The deep reason behind this phenomenon lies in the attitude of the emperors toward Buddhism. The emperors of Liang Dynasty truly believed in Buddhism, but their counterparts of the Tang Dynasties only laid stress on utilizing it as a reigning tool The scholar officials understood the emperors, thus making the changes of Buddhism in the poetry. The features of Yingzhi poem that are political quality, utility and instrumentality made the poetry became a political text and also showed the scholar- bureaucrats＇ comprise in the emperor- official relationship.