心理疏导对实习护士心理健康状况的影响

Impact of psychological guidance on the mental health of student nurses for clinical practice

目的:探讨心理疏导对实习护士心理健康状况的影响。方法:将254名实习护士随机分为干预组131名和对照组123名,两组护士均进行常规入院、入科宣教,临床带教工作和正常的心理教育,2个月后干预组给予特殊的心理疏导措施,为期6个月,于干预前后分别采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对进行两组实习护士进行心理问卷调查,比较两组实习护士间心理健康状况的差异。结果:与国内常模相比,干预前两组护士SCL-90中,强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、偏执6项因子分及阳性项目数均明显增高(P<0.05);干预后干预组护士强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、偏执6项因子分及阳性项目数与对照组或干预前相比显著下降(P<0.05),且心理异常发生率亦显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:心理疏导可提高临床实习护生的心理健康水平,这对于提高实习护生的职业素质,实现其向职业护士的过渡具有重要意义。

Objective： To investigate the impact of psychological guidance on the mental health of student nurses for clinical practice. Methods： 254 student nurses were randomly divided into intervention group （ n = 131） and control group （ n = 123） . The student nurses in both groups were given instruction on rules and regulations and routine psychological education when they started to have clinical practice in hospital and were arranged to work in a certain department. The student nurses in the intervention group were given specific psychological guidance after 2 months and the guidance continued for 6 months. The Symptom Checklist （ SCL-90） was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the student nurses in both groups and the differences of mental health status were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results： Compared with the national norm,the 6 factors scores and the positive items of the student nurses in both groups significantly increased before the intervention,such as obsession,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,depression,phobia and paranoid in SCL-90 （ P 0. 05） ; the 6 factors scores and the positive items of the student nurses were lower in the intervention group than those in the control group after the intervention （ P 0. 05） and the incidence of mental abnormalities decreased significantly （ P 0. 05） . Conclusion： The psychological guidance can improve the mental health of student nurses,which is important for the student nurses to upgrade their professional quality and achieve the transition to a professional nurse from a student.