西方休闲经济萌芽阶段的发展历程

Research on the progress of the initial stage of leisure economy in the western world

从原始社会末期开始,休闲经历了由单纯的文化活动向经济性活动过渡的漫长阶段。这可以被视为休闲经济的萌芽阶段,包括了奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会初期、中期,时间一直持续到公元1840年左右。奴隶制时期,古希腊、罗马发展了独特的休闲实践和理论。西方中世纪休闲的一个重要特征是对专门化休闲地的开发与利用。从1640到1840年属于资本主义的形成和上升时期。这一时期海滨度假地开发成为新的时尚,美国则由于欧洲移民的特征,在休闲方式上明显受到了欧洲文化的影响。体育休闲的商业性和游憩教育的出现、有组织的运动是这一时期美国休闲发展的重要特征。

Leisure has experienced a long development stage from simplex cultural activities towards economic activities. This stage may be regarded as the germination stage of leisure economy, including slave society, feudal society, the initial stage and metaphase. The stage ended at A. D. 1840. In the slave society, Ancient Greece and Rome developed particular leisure practice and theory. An important characteristic of western leisure in the middle ages is the exploration and usage of special leisure spots. From 1640 to 1840, the stage was the forming and raising stage. At this stage, exploring seaside holiday spots became new fashion. In America, the leisure style distinctly is affected by European culture because of European emi- grant＇ s feature. The business nature of sport leisure and the appearance of recreational education and organized sport are important characteristics of American leisure development during the stage.