对易腐货物在运输中干耗的研究分析

Research and Analysis on the Weight Loss of Perishables in Transport

本文深入探讨了冷藏运输中易腐货物的干耗问题，提出了根据货物降温的不同阶段计算干耗的新方法，获得了干耗的理论计算模型，并进行了仔细的实际计算与分析。结果表明，尽管快速降温的时间仅占运输时间的１０％ 左右，但此期间的干耗量却占运输过程中总干耗量的５０ ％ 左右。运输中的平均总干耗量约占货物重量的３ ％ ，平均每天０３ ％ 。影响干耗的主要因素是货物的初始温度、货物的暴露面积、车内的相对湿度。

In this paper, we penetrate into the problem of weight-loss of perishable goods in refrigerated transportation. We put forward a new method of calculating weight-loss of goods according to the temperature changing stages. We obtain the theoretic calculating model of weight loss, and then make careful practical calculations and analyses. We conclude that although the time in the stage of quick temperature lowering makes up only 10% of the total transport time, the weight-loss in this stage makes up about 50% of the total weight-loss in the whole transport course. The mean total weight-loss in transport course accounts to about 3% of total goods' load. This percentage can be calculated as 0.3% per day. The main factors that influence the weight-loss are the goods' initial temperatures, the exposed area of goods, the relative humidity inside the car, the cooling rate of refrigerating system and transport time or velocity.